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Boatmen of Thessaloníki
The Boatmen of Thessaloníki ((ブルガリア語:Гемиджиите)), or the Assassins of Salonica, was a Bulgarian anarchistic group, active in the Ottoman Empire in the years between 1900 and 1903.〔(The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire, Selcuk Aksin Somel, Scarecrow Press, 2010, ISBN 1461731763, p. ixx. )〕〔A History of the Ottoman Bank, Edhem Eldem, ISBN 975333110X, Ottoman Bank Historical Research Center, 1999,(pp. 239; 433. )〕〔The Imperial Ottoman Bank in Salonica: the first 25 years, 1864-1890, John Karatzoglou, Ottoman Bank Archives & Research Centre, 2003, ISBN 9759369257, (p. 9. )〕 Most of its members were young graduates from the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki.〔(Post-Cosmopolitan Cities: Explorations of Urban Coexistence, Caroline Humphrey, Vera Skvirskaja, Berghahn Books, 2012, ISBN 0857455117, p. 213. )〕 From 28 April until 1 May 1903 the group launched a campaign of terror bombing in Thessaloniki, the so-called "Thessaloniki bombings of 1903".〔Frontiers and identities: cities in regions and nations, PLUS-Pisa University Press, 2008, Luďa Klusáková; Creating borders in the city of Thessaloniki, Iakovos D. Michailidis, p. 174.()〕 Their aim was to attract the attention of the Great Powers to Ottoman oppression in Macedonia and Thrace.〔Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810862956, p. 198.〕
== Origins and etymology ==
The Bulgarian anarchist movement grew in the 1890s, and the territory of Principality of Bulgaria became a staging-point for anarchist activities against the Ottomans, particularly in support of Macedonian and Thracian liberation movements. The Boatmen of Thessaloníki were a descendant of a founded in 1895 in Plovdiv "''Macedonian Secret Revolutionary Committee''", which was developed later in Geneve in a secret, anarchistic, brotherhood called "''Geneve group''". Its activists were the students Michail Gerdjikov, Petar Mandjukov and Slavi Merdjanov. They were influenced from the anarcho-nationalism, which emerged in Europe, following the French Revolution, going back at least to Mikhail Bakunin and his involvement with the Pan-Slavic movement. The anarchists in the so-called “Geneva group” of students played key roles in the anti-Ottoman struggles. Nearly all the members who founded the Committee in Geneva were natives from Bulgaria and not from Macedonia.〔"We, the People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe, Diana Miškova, Central European University Press, 2009, ISBN 9639776289, p. 129.〕
Later Merdjanov moved to the Bulgarian school in Salonika, where he worked as teacher and sparked some of the graduates with this ideas. The first meetings of the group took part in 1898 with the purpose of forming a revolutionary terrorist group with the purpose of changing international public opinion in the matter of the freedom of Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace through urging the social conscience of the oppressed. The group is found in published works with several names: "The boatmen of Thessaloniki", the "Crew",〔James Sotros, ''The Greek Speaking Anarchist and Revolutionary Movement'', p. 191〕 or the "Gemitzides", form of the Turkish word for "boatman". At their start, they had a different name, the "Troublemakers", ''gürültücü''.〔Megas G. The Boatmen of Thesalloniki. page 52〕 The name "boatmen" was due to "leaving behind the everyday life and the limits of law and sail with a boat in the free and wild seas of lawlessness."〔Megas G., ''The Boatmen of Thesalloniki'', p. 52〕
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